After CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTSS, the us social movement of the 1960s and Article

After CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTSS, the us social movement of the 1960s and 70s - Article Example The focus gears toward the point that it was through a series of historical incidents and the aggressiveness for change that women’s rights had been recognized and that choices, which had not been available before, is now a part and parcel of a woman’s everyday life in America. The narrative highlighted the typical woman of the 1950s whose duty as a homemaker offers no other viable option except child rearing. The women of that era had the singular choice of getting married and then staying at home to care for her husband and their children. As the man sets out to provide for the family, the wife stays at home and tends to the domestic needs of the family. The book, The Feminine Mystique, by Betty Friedan enlightened on the shared emptiness and dissatisfaction that housewives share because of a lack of endeavors. This ignites the kindled spirits of the 1960s which formed the Women’s Liberation and the very foundation of radical feminism (â€Å"Makers: Women Who Make America Part I Awakening†). These notions were further challenged by brave women who had the courage to question societal norms and the view of women as second-class citizens to the 1970s when job options remained limited. In the tennis match dubbed The Battle of the Sexes, between Billie Jean King and Bobby Riggs, the former shattered Riggs’ hubris as a woman beats him in the highly publicized game. As King said herself, â€Å"That night it wasn’t about tennis. It was about history. It was about social change† (â€Å"Makers: Women Who Make America Part II Changing the World†). Similarly, women’s newfound power were shown through the focus on contraceptives, specifically pills, where the power to decide is now lodged with the woman. This is also supported by the Supreme Court Decision in Roe vs. Wade where a decision for abortion within the first trimester of the pregnancy is left to the discretion of the woman and her physician. The interviews of women who were part

Management of Risk in an Organisation

Management of Risk in an Organisation As the central point of contact, and as the individual with both responsibility and accountability for the successful delivery of a project, it is the job of the project manager to put into place the necessary safeguards for the management of risk; safeguards which will help to uphold the anticipated value of the project. Before all of this, however, a project manager must grasp the notion that projects exist only to promote and benefit an organisation and that, by this logic, the value of a project is defined by the way in which the project accomplishes the business objectives. The value of projects can also be highlighted by the way in which they themselves extract value from opportunity by the carefully managed application of resources.[1] Academics argue that current performance is the best predictor of future performance and that using the trends in data it is possible to forecast risks such as budget variance or scheduling issues at an early stage in any project. Earned Value is one of the most comprehensive trend analysis techniques and is one way in which project managers can monitor a project. Basically, EV requires the manager to monitor the project plan, the actual work completed and the work completed value to check whether the project is on track. The EV trend analysis helps to indicate how much of budget/time should have been spent at any given stage and allows a comparison with actual work done to date. EV is different to the usual budget v actual cost incurred model because it requires the cost of work in progress to be quantified. This allows for a comparison of actual v expected in terms of work completion.[2] Where an organisation has failed to prepare to receive and apply the project deliverables the project manager must take control and formally verify all the information needed to fully understand the project and its expected deliverables. This requires a specific type of input and the project manager must determine the key players within the organisation. It is vital to the success of the project that the project sponsor is known to the project manager, and that the project sponsor takes on the role of ‘champion’ for the project. The project manager must also identify the stakeholders in order that each stakeholder’s precise expectations can be identified and managed. It is advisable for the project manager to establish a project repository: a place where all important documentation can be gathered together – this can be done manually, or can be an online document management system. In any EV system, there is a need for a benefits manager, too – and t his is usually the PS. The benefits manager ensures, through the process of KPI measurement and investment recovery to measure the attainment of the project. A project which attains its projected value is a project which delivers operationally against the business case.[3] In order to ensure that the project sponsor and manager understand the purpose of the project and its linkage to strategy, other projects and operations within the organisation, a project charter, or S.O.W., should be created. The charter formally recognises the existence of the project within the organisation and identifies the sponsor, manager and stakeholders and their respective responsibilities. The project objectives are clearly laid down, as is the scope of the project. In order to ensure the success of any project, the project manager must ensure that the objectives are SMART, and that the objectives are accompanied by a list of specific deliverables as well as any explicit exclusions.[4] The charter must provide a completion date as well as the completion project budget. The project sponsor must sign the charter as this indicates that s/he will provide the necessary funds and support to complete the project.[5] It is then vital for the project manager to identify the core team who will work on the project and to hold a kick-off meeting, at which the project sponsor should be in attendance: this will help demonstrate their support for the project as well as provide them with an opportunity to contextualise the project with regards the mission and strategies of the organisation. It is important for the organisation that the project manager identifies other team commitments that may exist within the core team, and that commitment is obtained from the resource providers.[6] The first stage in managing risk in any project is to ensure that, once the project manager has been appointed, regardless of whether the organisation has prepared itself to receive and apply deliverables, a WBS is undertaken. The WBS allows the project leader to work with the core team to identity the key stages of the project and once identified to task board these stages into a logical sequence. Generally the key stage id entification is undertaken at around level 2, in terms of detail, however, with an EV system the project manager must assign a budget to each work package. It is then essential to chart the dependencies that can be identified and at this stage this is generally done using a logic diagram.[7] The WBS, then, is simply a convenient way to present this work in a graphical manner but it is important to note that the WBS itself does not show dependencies other than at key stages and that it is not time based. It is also a dynamic tool which can be updated depending upon need. It may even be useful to add tasks for the project manager into the WBS since if the project managers’ time is being charged against the project this enables the manager to track their activities against the plan. Under the EV system, the WBS allows the project manager to monitor the earning of each work package against planned value and accord variance to plan, where necessary, in the case of creep.[8] Resources must then be assigned to the project and it is important for the project manager to consider who and what might be needed in order to make the project a success and to meet the value anticipated by the sponsor; the actual availability of staff; the manner in which any deficit in resources may be covered if they are not readily available when required; and whether any unresolved constraints with resources may cause creep.[9] When all of this has been identified and resources assigned the project manager must draw up a project task worksheet and people this. If it is thought to be too early in the project to produce a detailed allocation of tasks, it is equally feasible to allocate responsibilities for key stages and to identify a key stage owner who takes ownership over all the responsibilities of that stage. The benefit of the EV system is that the project manager can report to the PS with more confidence and can generally spot creep early on.[10] It is then the role of the project manager to create a realistic project plan or schedule and the manager must bear the following considerations in mind: the WBS to the task level; the specification of people to tasks; the dependencies between and amongst tasks, successor activities and potential slippage and the completion date for each task (in consultation with individuals).[11] The problem with much of the above is that is requires a great deal of estimation in terms of the duration of each activity and this can make the TPT projection difficult. It is important to build in contingencies to quantify the extent of uncertainty in the estimation process. The major portion of all project costs is frequently the time expended so it is important to schedule full team members at 3.5-4.0 productive working days per week; to include management time, where appropriate, as an additional 10%; avoid splitting tasks between individuals when planning; allow time for cross-functional data transfer and response and include contingencies at all levels of planning. It is possible to take an alternative method when planning estimations, particularly if the project is to take place over more than a couple of months. Rather than prepare estimates on the basis of individuals and seeking advanced agreement of commitments; the plan can be developed on the basis of some resources wo rking full time on the project. This is usually done on the basis of what is known as single person dependencies (SPD) so that each piece of work is given a duration based on how long it will take if one person carries out the work, assigned full-time to the job and with no other commitments. This helps to create a common baseline. So for example, a part of a project with an SPD estimate of 8 days can be completed with: one person full-time; two people at 50% capacity; four people at 35% capacity. In practice, however, the more people who get involved the less effective the capacity becomes, so 2 people will need 55% capacity and 4 people around 35% capacity and so on.[12] In order to deliver the value of any project, it is necessary to go much further than the above, in the planning stages. Thus far we have discussed simply the basics of the planning process, but to try and fully manage risk, a project manager must implement advanced planning techniques. There are two popular methods of indicating and tracking task completions: the Gantt chart and the PERT chart. The PERT method allows for the planning of critical paths and is based on representing project activities by nodes which contain essential information calculated to show the flow of data through its various paths in the logic diagram. The PERT method allows for an indication of the earliest start time and the latest start time, and conversely for such finish times. The advantage of this method is that it shows predecessor and successor activities and allows for the imposing of constraints with the start-to-start or finish-to-finish relationships between activities. Forced delay can be imposed using a lag between the start and finish of predecessor activity and the start or finish of one or more successor activities. The forced start or lead is used to start a successor activity before the predecessor activity is completed.[13] The Gantt chart allows the project manager to take all of the information derived from the above steps and display it so that the core team can understand it! The chart allows the project manager to show a listing of key stages of the project, their duration and the key stage owner. The Gantt chart also allows the project manager to build in float time, the limit of which is the limit of the work if the schedule is not to be threatened and possibly extend the project. Any critical activities will have zero float. Dependency links can also be shown on the Gantt chart as should milestones, project meetings and project reviews. The total float which the project manager can calculate from the analysis of the PERT diagram etc. provides the Gantt chart a range of capabilities as a decision-processing tool. It allows the project manager to decide when a piece of work should start or whether it can be broken up into smaller sections. As the project manager knows the float time available they are able to take a decision as to the feasibility of delaying the start slightly or delaying as late as possible. The real value of this is that it allows the project manager to establish ‘what if’ scenarios. High risk areas can be identified easily and can be examined for the impact of any serious slippage. This allows the project manager to make the necessary contingency plans. The logic of such processes allow the project manager to enter into neutral dialogue when organisational, market or political pressure for a ‘pushback’ receives a negative response from the project sponsor. At this planning stage it is also necessary to estimate the cost of each activity and this usually includes people’s time, overheads and materials used. This provides the project manager with a total project cost which becomes the project operating budget (plus an allowance for contingencies). To be effective, the budget has to be time-phrased for each level of the project plan with accurate estimates of costs. In practice, the project manager will achieve this through the WBS. To manage risk, it is vital that any operating budget contains a contingency to cover unknowns: this is nominally a 10% variance. Once the budget has been established it is the job of the project manager to undertake const control which requires the manager to pay constant attention to the cost consciousness of all those involved in the project; company standards and the change control system. Cost control usually focuses on the value of the work completed (ACWP) at any time and compares it to the actua l cost of the work in terms of the originally predicted costs in the operating budget (BCWS/BCWP).[14] It is vital that the project manager accepts that not everything will go to plan so it is prudent to ensure that due consideration is given to an assessment of all possible risks to the project and the necessary contingencies that may be required. Risk can be defined as a function of three variables: an event that could disturb the project, the probability that such an event will happen and the impact of such an event happening. When a risk becomes a reality it is known as an issue. Once the risks have been assessed the project manager must constantly monitor risk to ensure that when it arises it is controlled. Controlling risks means that the successful project manager should be able to allocate responsibility for action; monitor and report actions and monitor valid risks for change. This is continuous phase throughout the PLC, and because it involves a significant amount of analysis should be documented through a risk status log. This should be reviewed at intervals (generally mont hly) and risks must be reviewed and updated. Using the Gantt chart and the WBS ensures that if things do start to go wrong it is possible to undertake an impact analysis of the consequences of issues arising, and provides the project manager with the necessary information to take informed decisions regarding the action needed to mitigate slippage. [15] The project manager should also ensure that they undertake a certain amount of communication planning. Poor communication can hinder the progress of projects and can result in unnecessary risks. The project manager must work out the number of communication channels, especially in large projects, for example with 7 core members in a team there are 21 channels. The project plan should, therefore, detail who needs information; why they need it; what information they need; when they need it; the way it should presented; and when the core team should meet to discuss project status etc. Routine status reports can take the form of simple memo.[16] Another very important part of managing risk is having an effective change control process. Scope creep can drive a project schedule and budget over an approved baseline and so it is important for project managers to have the appropriate mindset when dealing with the possibility of change. The most basic change control process ought to include: the submission of change requests to the project manager via a change request form; the logging of change request; an assessment by the core team of the impact of the change – when this has been done the impact of the change is then discussed with the individual who requested the change, as often, when the impact is known the request is withdrawn. If the change request is not withdrawn, the proposed change is discussed with the PS and the customer, and is either approved or disapproved and the requester is notified, as are stakeholders. The change is then incorporated into the project plan and the deliverables.[17] This then is the basic methodology which allows project managers to deliver value through all stages of a project life cycle, and to carry out the project in accordance with both the objectives and strategies laid down by the organisation[18]. The success of the project manager is directly measured through the perceived results in each dimension of the project, and in order to achieve this attainment, the project manager needs to achieve these results with and through others.[19] Bibliography Augustine, N. Managing Projects and Programs. Boston. Harvard. 1989 Cleland. D, King, W. Systems Analysis and Project Management. New York. McGraw-Hill. 1983 Cleland, D., Ireland L. Project Management: Strategic Design and Implementation. New York. McGraw-Hill. 2002. Collins, J. Good to Great. New York. Harper Collins. 2001 Cook, C.R, Just Enough Project Management. McGraw Hill. New York. 2005 Frame, Davidson. Managing Projects in Organizations. San Fransisco. Jossey-Bass. 2002 Goodpasture, J.C., Managing Projects for Value. Vienna. VA. 2002 Harvard Business Review. Project Management: A Harvard Business Review Paperback. Boston. HBSP. 1991 Haughey, Duncan. What is Earned Value? Project Smart. 2007 Katzenbach, J., Smith, Douglas. The Discipline of Teams. New York. Wiley Sons. 200 Kerzner, H. Project Management: A Systems Approach to planning, scheduling and controlling. New York. Wiley Sons. 2001 Leech, D. Turner B.T. Project Management for Profit. Chicester. Ellis Horwood. 1990 Lewis, J. Project Leadership. New York. Mc-Graw Hill. 2003 Lewis, J. Project Planning, Scheduling and Control. New York. McGraw-Hill. 2001 Project Management Institute Standards Committee. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge/ 2001, p205 Smith, Steve (ed.). Make Things Happen: Readymade Tools for Project Management. London. Kogan Page Limited. 1997 1 Footnotes [1] Goodpasture, J.C., Managing Projects for Value. Vienna. VA. 2002 [2] Haughey, Duncan. What is Earned Value. Project Smart. 2007 [3] Goodpasture, J.C., Managing Projects for Value. Vienna. VA. 2002 [4] Cook, C.R, Just Enough Project Management. McGraw Hill. New York. 2005 [5] Project Management Institute Standards Committee. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge/ 2001, p205 [6] Augustine, N. Managing Projects and Programs. Boston. Harvard. 1989 [7] Cleland, D., Ireland L. Project Management: Strategic Design and Implementation. New York. McGraw-Hill. 2002. [8] Cleland. D, King, W. Systems Analysis and Project Management. New York. McGraw-Hill. 1983 [9] Harvard Business Review. Project Management: A Harvard Business Review Paperback. Boston. HBSP. 1991 [10] Frame, Davidson. Managing Projects in Organizations. San Fransisco. Jossey-Bass. 2002 [11] Smith, Steve (ed.). Make Things Happen: Readymade Tools for Project Management. London. Kogan Page Limited. 1997 [12] Katzenbach, J., Smith, Douglas. The Discipline of Teams. New York. Wiley Sons. 2001 [13] Lewis, J. Project Planning, Scheduling and Control. New York. McGraw-Hill. 2001 [14] Lewis, J. Project Planning, Scheduling and Control. New York. McGraw-Hill. 2001 [15] Kerzner, H. Project Management: A Systems Approach to planning, scheduling and controlling. New York. Wiley Sons. 2001 [16] Lewis, J. Project Leadership. New York. Mc-Graw Hill. 2003 [17] Lewis, J. Project Planning, Scheduling and Control. New York. McGraw-Hill. 2001 [18] Leech, D. Turner B.T. Project Management for Profit. Chicester. Ellis Horwood. 1990 [19] Collins, J. Good to Great. New York. Harper Collins. 2001

Spirit and Matter, God and Chaos, or infinitude Finite Essays -- Phil

The Kingdom of Union and Joy can only be attained through the elevation and expansion of spirit which is influenced by its intricate relationship with matter. They reflect, inverse and alter one another depending on the nature of their alliance; and challenge the pervading intuition that one entertains concerning hierarchy, the superior and the inferior, rising and falling. Throughout the poem, the prophetic persona enlightens the reader on the manner to ascend to the spiritual realm via tales on base spirits, on praising and praised bodies -- thus, purveying a dynamic dramatisation of the fall. Mammon and the Son are two spiritual figures that typify the convoluted relation between matter and spirit. In their description, the persona invites the reader to compare the attitudes of these characters towards the material world and the fashion in which they apply their spirits to it. Mammon is the  «least erected Spirit that fell / From Heav’n » (1.679-80). Possessed by a boundless desire for  «The riches of Heav’ns pavement, trod’n Gold » (1.682) -- towards which his thoughts are bent -- he already manifests a vertical movement in his heavenly status as he sinks low within the highest realm of the universe. The narrator’s speech transcribes the discontinuity of Mammon’s spiritual rank through the juxtaposition of inversely connotative words such as the sequence least - erected - fell - Heav’n. Being the classical symbol of greed, he aspires to elevation by means of material abundance. Even when fallen, he persuades himself and his fellow companions of a possible good life in hell provided they exploit its treasures. From thence, directed by Mammon, the crew proceeds to violently abuse the earth who’s centre they  «Ransack » and  «with ... ... his  «Humiliation shall exalt » (3.313). The Son’s Grandeur shall ensue from his submission as the bounds established on matter shall, in due course, allow for the Kingdom of Union and Joy. While Mammon perceives obedience as a divine deception, the Son rationalises it by coupling subservient actions with gratifying results through grammatical conjunctions. Though, he first  «Lie[s] vanquisht »,  «yield[s] » to Death and  «suffer[s], he ultimately will  «rise Victorious »,  «subdue / [His] Vanquisher » and  «disarm » him. The Son portrays this outcome as inevitable by overusing conjunctions, such as though - yet - but - then; as well as by the repetitive use of  «shall », thus expressing the strength of his assertion (3. 234-65). Therefore, temperance leads to the profusion of spirituality as it mirrors creation and recognises the intimate connection between matter and spirit.

A Mother’s Love to a child

As a mother I have cared and tried to push my son†s education so that he can succeed in his life. I came from a large family in Brazil. I wasn†t the only child; I learned to share, how provide for myself, and for my 3 sisters, and 3 brothers. My father was a serious man; he had a job, and still came home to provide for all of us. During dinnertime he insisted that everyone had to be home and had to sit down at the table and talk about their day. This was a must in my family too. The reason why he had that rule was because he was a religious man, and meals should be shared with the family as well as conversations. No one had any choice of not sitting at the table, unless we didn†t want to eat. When I had a child, I waited for the right time to have one. I didn†t want to rush into motherhood responsibility until I had everything in order to support my child. My husband had to find a job, and so did I. We had a house, a car, and jobs to support my child; we were ready. When my child was born, I chose to go to the United States of America, so that my child can have a better life. In Brazil, the education is not challenging, and not recognized in other parts of the world as a higher education. For him to have a better education, a better standard of living, and for him to have what we never had, we had to give up our lives in Brazil. As the years went by I was always there for my son. Through my eyes as he grows older, he is still the little boy that I held in my arms for the first time. In his teenage years I have seen him grow further away from me. Every day when he gets home he goes to his room without talking to me, or saying anything about his day. I guess that is what all kids go through in these years, because of the stage of exploration of new things in life. Like driving, video games, girls, and puberty. I still love my son, and even if he doesn†t want to talk to me then I guess he has everything in order in his life. He is very intelligent, and I trust that he knows what to do, and do the right thing. I have noticed that he hasn†t come to me to say if he has had any problems in school. I guess to me he has no problems going on, or maybe he has it in control. I have always said to him every time he comes home, how was your day Miguel? He would always say, it was ok. When I heard that my son was having problems in reading, I was shocked. I couldn†t believe my bright boy was having such problems. I tried my best to make him study more, and succeed in life. Now it looks like he needs help in reading, and I am going to be there for him. The teacher told me that he had to memorize a book in order to pass the class. I was with him every day when he got home, helping him to study and memorize the story. When the day came for him to tell the story, I was waiting for him at home. When he got home, I looked into his eyes and he said â€Å"Mom, I did it. I passed! † I was so happy, and I knew he could do it. From that day on, I have never doubted my son on what he can do. He is a bright young man, intelligent, respectful, and responsible when it comes to work that is given to him.

Words Sweet Words

I never knew what it was like to feel complete desperation. I never knew the emptiness of loneliness and loss until she was gone. The moment when you feel your whole world crashing in around you, and your whole being shaken with remorse; the sheer terror of heart-wrenching pain. I always thought moments like these were rare. That desperation and emptiness were not things I would ever have to experience. I would hear stories about death and war, horrific atrocities far away, but I never hought I'd have to endure them.My life was perfect. Well-put together. Full of love and Joy. Nothing bad could ever happen. Moments of pain were a stranger. Until the day she was gone, until the moment where I found pain right where it resided, in the face of my dead mother. I walked into my fifth grade homeroom sure that I was going to ace my test that day. There was no doubt in my mind. I had studied for hours, made notecards, written facts over and over until my hand hurt; I was prepared. I sat down in my favorite seat. You know those kids that sit in a different seat everyday at the eginning of the year to find the perfect one?Like theyre adults looking for a home to buy? They consider the angle of their view of the teacher, how much sun the seat gets, how close it is to the door in case of an emergency, and many other factors. I was one of those kids. I searched for my perfect seat in homeroom for about three weeks. It took so long because I had trouble choosing between several candidates. I finally found the perfect one. It was located in the second row in from the door on the right. I could see the teacher but didn't feel forced to make direct eye contact the ntire time she was talking.My seat was formed Just right that it had a slight arch on the back that helped support my â€Å"s† shaped spine. It really was perfect†¦ until that day. Everyone came in and sat down, but something was different. Andy sat in front of me. His long hair was so greasy it made feel like I needed to shower for him. He was one of those boys you look at and imagine the cartoon squiggles come out from around his body to imply his stench. It was brutal. I could tell my day was off to a good start. Suddenly the phone rang.When you're in fifth grade, hearing the phone ing is like matching the first three numbers on your ticket to the winning lottery number. The person on the end of that phone could be anyone, and everyone in your class wants it to be some form of their ticket out of class. This morning was different though. Rather than everyone dropping what they were doing to find out who it was, it was ignored. No one stopped, no one wondered, no one but me. I wish I hadn't wondered. The teacher approached me with the most solemn face I had ever seen anyone have in real life.Andys tang grew stronger and stronger as my mind ran hrough scenarios as to what she could want from me. Maybe it wasn't me she wanted; maybe it was Andy. Maybe she finally smelt his funk, too, and was going to tell him to shower and get a haircut or ne would nave detentions torever. Maybe it wasn't for me. As she finally met her destination and leaned over my desk, I realized that wasn't the case. â€Å"Sarah, sweetie, you need to go to the principal's office right away, okay? Go very quick, okay? No dilly dallying. † Her voice had a bitter- sweetness to it.That pleasant tone people use to cover up the ugliness behind their words, like a yogurt-covered raisin. I didn't fully catch on to the true depravity that awaited me. I knew it couldn't be good. Being sent to the principal's office immediately was never a good sign unless it was student appreciation day. Candy awaited on those days. There was no candy today, though. Not a hint of sweetness carried in the air between the principal and I as he told me my father was coming to get me. There was no sweetness in my father's face as he drove us to the hospital without a hint of explanation.I don't think anything clos e to sweetness could exist in the cold, whitewashed halls of that hospital. We entered the room. There I saw my mother, as white as the walls that surrounded her. She was dead. I approached her as if she was a foreign being, some alien from one of my Saturday morning cartoons. The constant tone filled the room. I knew what that was. I learned about it in health class. That tone meant heartless. My mother once had a heart, but not anymore, the drunk driver took it from her. He stole the thing that kept the beep going, but now it was Just a tone, a dead tone.That ambient sound seemed to resonate from every direction, in every corner, getting ouder and louder as my mind and heart began to soak in all that was happening. I didn't know what to do or think. I Just stood. Stood in the stillness of the loneliest moment of my life. There would be healing after this. I knew that restoration and recovery were in the future, but that future seemed very far away. That future didn't get any close r in the months that followed. It wasn't until I reached my freshman year when I knew that I could move on. In the movies, when someone dies theyre always remembered by some dramatic, life-changing statement.A philosophy they followed that everyone knew them by. My mom said many of these throughout my childhood, I'm sure, but I can't recall any of them. It may have been easier if I could, if I had a profound testimony to lean on from my mother that loved me so much, but I didn't. I knew one thing, though, that she had them. Whether I remember them or not, I know they existed. She had something to share, and she did. She affected so many lucky people in her lifetime. We all have something to say. I took that thought going into my freshman year, knowing I wanted to change.I wanted to change others and myself and make the same difference I knew my mother made in her short life. I know she made her moments matter. Her gentle words of wisdom that sang from her mouth to my small ears, and to the slightly larger ears of others, were what made her memorable. I used that insight as the foundation for my life to this day, and will continue to remember how my mother made winsome moments in her life and others. Even if I don't remember them, her words were real, as real as the sweet moments that they created and that are remembered by all.

Discuss the Development of Piano Lit From 1830 to WWII essays

Discuss the Development of Piano Lit From 1830 to WWII essays During the 1820s, revolutionary movements overthrew many governments in Europe including Spain, Naples, the Ottoman Empire, and eventually Russia. In 1830, Paris was experiencing the July Revolution where Charles X was overthrown and Louis Philippe was proclaimed the citizen king. The new ruler allowed more flexible tolerance for new ideas than any other country during this time. Paris felt these effects in a positive way as this flexibility in mindset allowed Paris to nurture and develop the ever growing creativity in the arts. This led Paris to be looked upon as one of the leading cultural centers in Europe. Rather than the exclusive nobility stature that music once had in Paris, the bourgeoisie involvement in the arts increased as a result of the political change. The French Grand Opera became more popular due to this factor. Among the figures were librettist Eugene Scribe and composer Giacomo Meyerbeer. The French Grand Opera also introduced more elaborate set designs which incorporated designs by artists such as Pierre Ciceri, Edmond Duponchel, and Louis Daguerre. The impact that French Grand Opera had on the development of piano literature was that it fortified Paris as a major musical center in Europe. This led to the development of virtuoso instrumental innovations, including the solo recital which began to gain in popularity. Niccolo Paganini was one of the premier figures to begin this new performance genre. He traveled extensively throughout Europe collaborating with many different combinations of musicians. Concerts during this period did not solely feature one performer but often included chamber music or concerti with orchestra. One of the most influential compositions by Paganini on the piano repertoire is his 24 Capricci for solo violin. Many composers composed pieces which are based on these Capricci, including Liszt, Schumann, Brahms, and Rachmaninoff. Paris was wild for his performances, beginning in ...

Netball skills Essays

Netball skills Essays Netball skills Essay Netball skills Essay As you can see from the set of scores above I have improved in all areas. Some only slightly but I am pleased that the areas I have worked on for my netball skills have improved.  As you can see from the graph above I have improved in all areas from my first attempt. Although I havent reached the blue print 100% in all areas I am still pleased that I have improved. This means the five week programme I took out has made an affect. As you may notice on the speed and agility the scores have gone down. This is actually an improvement because it means I have completed the task in a faster time. Also on some of the scores I have past the 100% mark such as the speed, and on the co-ordination, endurance and power I have reached the target of 100%. Looking at the graph above I am very pleased with my results. Evalution When comparing my first set of scores to my second I can point out that I have improved on my weak areas that consisted of speed, endurance and the most important one I needed to work on was strength. I have also improved on the other areas this was because of following a personal exercise programme for five weeks in the school fitness suite.  In Swimming co-ordination is mainly hand/foot. This is used when you use your hands to pull you through the water and your feet to propel you through the water. After completing the first tests I noticed that this wasnt one of my weak areas so I didnt work on it. Although as you can see from the graph comparing results I did improve. Even though I only improved by 2 more catches this still brought me to pass the 100% mark and I am pleased with that. In my first set of tests I realised that strength was a weakness. This is needed in swimming for good strong strokes. For strength I worked on arm weight machines which included pull down and chest press. I increased my reps and weights each week of my programme and this has lead to me improving in my second attempt. Although according to the blue print scores I am still only 50% I am still happy that I have improved. To help me reach their target I am going to continue working on my arm strength in the gym. As my scores have increased this shows that my method is affective and has helped me. Speed is needed in swimming to win and move quickly through the water. As speed come out to be one of my weaknesses I worked on this on the treadmill, bike, cross trainer and the stepper. The stepper worked on the muscles in my legs leading to them becoming stronger which then lead to them being able to take more pressure. On the cardiovascular machines I pushed my self each time and increased the speed to my limit. According to my second attempt at the tests this has proven to have been a good strategy as I have improved to almost 100%. I am very pleased with my improvements in this component as it is needed almost all the time in a Swimming competition. In swimming agility is needed so that each competitor can successfully perform a tumble-turn. Agility wasnt one of the areas that I worked on in the fitness suite although as I have been working on the speed of my legs on the cross trainer this has caused me to improve. If ever in the future I feel the need to improve in this area I will take out a series of weights on my legs and some skill work with a swimming pool and other swimmers to compete. As I have improved in this area I will be more skill full in a swimming competition and be able to move quickly through the water. Power in needed in swimming so that a swimmer can quickly move through the water with speed and get a good strong jump. After I had completed the first set of tests I found out that this wasnt one of my weak areas. I didnt include this into my exercise programme. Although when looking at both sets of results I have slightly improved. It may not be shown to be much but I am still pleased that when not working on an area the other exercises I did take have lead to an improvement. I think this is a result of working on the cardiovascular machines a lot. I used the cardiovascular machines and these are good because as I have shown in my programme it can improve all areas. When I worked in the weight machines in my legs this has resulting in an improvement and this is good in swimming for when I am diving of the starting platform. Endurance is needed in swimming to keep the body going strong through out the race. When I completed the first set of results I realised that endurance did need some improving on. So in the fitness suite I pushed my body each time causing me to work longer and increasing the amount that my body could take. I worked mainly on the cardiovascular machines that were the treadmill and bike. I pushed my self each time this was to push my body to its limit. This has clearly worked as comparing the two set or results I have improved by quite an amount. On my first tests I got level 7 shuttle 7, on my second I got level 8 shuttle 4. This means I didnt just improve by one level. I also increased on my shuttle amount. I am pleased my results in this component of fitness. Overall I am pleased with my improvements. I have improved in all areas even those I didnt specifically work on. This indicates that I have become a better person and my personal exercise programme that I have taken out and completed my self has been a success. Hopefully this will go on to me being a much stronger competitor in swimming and maybe I will continue to use this plan to improve my skills even more.

Green Card Immigration Term

Green Card Immigration Term A green card is a document showing evidence of your lawful permanent resident status in the United States. When you become a permanent resident, you receive a green card. The green card is similar in size and shape to a credit card. Newer green cards are machine-readable. The face of a green card shows information such as name, alien registration number, country of birth, birth date, resident date, fingerprint, and photo. Lawful permanent residents or green card holders must carry their green card with them at all times. From USCIS: Every alien, eighteen years of age and over, shall at all times carry with him and have in his personal possession any certificate of alien registration or alien registration receipt card issued to him. Any alien who fails to comply with [these] provisions shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. In years past, the green card was green in color, but in more recent years, the green card has been issued in a variety of colors, including pink and pink-and-blue. Regardless of its color, it is still referred to as a green card. Rights of a Green Card Holder Live the rest of your life in the country, provided you do not commit any offenses that would make you removable under U.S. immigration law. In short, as long as you follow the law, your residency is guaranteed.Work in the United States in any legal pursuit that you choose. However, some jobs (generally, government positions in defense and homeland security) are restricted to U.S. citizens only for security reasons. Also, you cannot run for elected office, so you won’t be able to earn a living in public service.Travel freely around the United States. You can leave and then reenter the country as you please. However, there are some restrictions on prolonged stays outside the country.Claim protection under all laws of the United States, your state of residence and your local jurisdictions. In general, all the safeguards and legal avenues available to U.S. citizens are also available to permanent residents, and this is true anywhere in the country.Request visas for your husband o r wife and unmarried children to live in the United States. Own property or buy firearms, as long as there are no state or a local ordinance prohibiting it.Attend public school and college, or join branches of the U.S. Armed Forces.Apply for a driver’s license. Even the most restrictive states for immigrants allow green-card holders to drive cars.Get Social Security, Supplemental Security Income and Medicare benefits if you are able. Also Known As: The green card is known as Form I-551. Green cards are also referred to as a certificate of alien registration or alien registration card. Common Misspellings: The green card is sometimes misspelled as greencard. Examples: I passed my adjustment of status interview and was told that I would receive my green card in the mail. Note: The term green card can also refer to a persons immigration status and not just the document. For example, the question Did you get your green card? could be a question about a persons immigration status or the physical document.

Crouse college Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crouse college - Essay Example After his death, the building was opened by his son to both men and women. Crouse College housed the first College of Fine Arts in the United States. It was the third building on campus and highest structure in Syracuse when it was built (Brooks 52). The initial foundation for the new school was laid down in June 1888, and the building was finished in September 1889. The building cost practically a large portion of a million dollars and was a blessing from nearby dealer and broker, John Crouse, and his child, D. Edgar Crouse. The senior Crouse was a trustee of the college and fabricated the school as a remembrance to his wife. The designer, Archimedes Russell, surpassed the first plan (Brooks 63). The building was planned for utilization as a ladies school and was initially named the John Crouse Memorial College for Women, in any case, John Crouse kicked the bucket throughout its development and his child opened the organization for utilization by both men and ladies. At the time of development, it was the third expanding on facilities and the most elevated structure in the city. It was implicit the Romanesqueue Revival style "with High Victorian Gothic qualities. The structure is upheld by a "hefty" rock establishment and the o uter surface is secured with Longmeadow brownstone. Engineering subtle elements incorporate high tops, peaks, dormer windows and adjusted curves. The inner part is "particularly" Romanesque and cut hardwood woodwork plans, illustrative of the period, are shown all around (National Register Information System n.p). Winged Victory, a model or sculpture that was designed according to the first, which was found in the Mediterranean Sea and since moved to the Louver, is placed at the bottom of the primary staircase. The building additionally holds stained glass "connected with religious topic and profound replenishment." The stained glass was composed by Richard Wolff, a previous working part, and learners from the

Accounting Information Systems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Accounting Information Systems - Assignment Example Air New Zealand has also has diversification in aircraft engineering and ground handling services of airlines. Apart from it won services it also provides these two services to other domestic as well as international companies. Subsidiaries of this group also offer online ticket booking services, retailing and travel wholesaling services. Vision of the company is that it strives to become number airlines company in terms of customer satisfaction of services in every country where it provides services (Air New Zealand, 2012). The company is dedicated to become customers’ first choice of airlines for travelling to within and from New Zealand. The company has developed a competitive advantage in terms of creativity and innovation in its services quality. The company promotes the domestic culture, people, behaviors and quality of business practice to the overseas people. It also has a long term value i.e. growth company and contribution a major percentage to the domestic countries growth. The company has been awarded Airline of the year in 2010 and 2012 and it also achieved many national international awards for its quality services. According to company’s financial report of 2010, it has total assets of NZ$1,566 million and profit of NZ$82 million. Accounting information systems of the company refers to the efficient use information technology to management of company’s operating activities and recoding of daily financials transactions and information. Company provides high priority to its Accounting information systems as it maintains the company’s accounting and financial information and update daily basis. AIS help the company to operate accounting and financial management efficiently and easily. As AIS has higher involvement of information technology and computers systems, network, internet etc so there is higher possibility that the company could be exposed to computer fraud and abuse in many ways (Sori, 2009, p.36). There are some general types of threat related to accounting information systems of the company. Terrorist attack and natural deserter in New Zealand and other operating countries are considered as macroeconomic threats to the company’s information systems. Other micro environmental threats are malfunction of hardwires software errors, human unintentional manual errors, and lastly the most dangerous intentional acts or computer crimes. Now fraud refers to intentional unethical and unfair business practice by organizations or individual or groups. Supplier of product and services to this company might gain unethical interest or benefits over the company. Any individual within the organization may commit fraudulent activities intentionally for his or her individual interests. In efficient asset management through absence of internal control systems leads to theft of company’s valuable assets. Another affective type is fraudulent reporting of financial statements. Accounting informatio n systems has given high priority and focus by the company to protect any fraudulent activities regarding financial reporting which is quarterly or yearly result of daily accounting records and maintenance and updating ethically and fairly representation of that. The company could be exposed to any type of fraudulent financial reporting due to some common reasons that leads to unethical business practice by the company. Presence of deceive creditors or suppliers, or investors might be the reason one reason. Another way of reporting fraudulent financial statements can be done by increasing the current market of share of the company. Third reason might be to collect investment to sufficient cash inflow to the

Movie Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Movie Critique - Essay Example Through the relationship between these two men, the viewer is able to see many psychological factors at work which help to make this work environment so unbearable. It is also possible to see that Bill Lumbergh’s style of leadership is responsible for the majority of these problems and, therefore, he should be blamed for the eventual destruction of the company. A force that allows for employers to have a psychological advantage over their employees is job security. There have been massive layoffs lately and those who were lucky enough to keep their jobs must work hard to ensure that they are just as lucky when the next cuts are made. This gives the employers all of the power, as they can work the employees harder, without any backlash because there are so few jobs in many sectors. The employers know that if an employee does not perform up to expectations, then someone else will be readily available to take his or her place. The employees also know this so they must work hard to keep their jobs. In Office Space, Lumbergh utilizes this as a method of employee motivation, as many of the characters are terrified of losing their jobs. He also uses this threat to get certain members of the company to work on weekends, as they must do so in order to keep their jobs. This movie shows a negative form of employee motivation, as employees do not resp ond will to threats like this, as can be seen in this film. A manner of employee motivation that would work better would be incentives for working overtime and working harder than everyone else. If Lumbergh would offer employees like Peter bonuses for doing extra work, he would be able to get more out of them on a regular basis and would keep them more motivated. Happy workers are much easier to deal with and Lumbergh does not do an adequate job of keeping his employees happy. Longer hours and averted overtime pay would completely ruin employee moral and

National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 Essay

National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 - Essay Example Science and technology emerged into rapid changes. Many innovations and inventions came out to show how far human knowledge has been. The invention of machineries, the use of electricity, petroleum products and chemicals showed how science and technology stepped forward. This gave a lot of advantages to human population and also to the immediate environment. Modern researches can be found helpful to human habitat out of the newest discoveries in science. By understanding a lot about things that exists in this world, scientist most especially environmentalists can tell which causes environmental degradation and which could be helpful to environmental protection. The advancement in science and technology seemed to emerge into two contrasting findings which are; 1) the fact that the advancement in science contributed to the deeper understanding with regards to environmental preservation and protection, 2) but, in the same way that the industrialization brought by science and technology becomes the same tool to destroy the environment because of pollutions and chemical wastes that contaminates water and pollutes the air. These facts create an echoing and awakening reality that those technological advancements bear the consequence that destroys the world humans live because of its by-products. Because of those awakening facts, many people of the world, most especially the government has been motivated to make steps in order to prevent the alarming situation that the world faces because of the negative outcomes of industrialization.

Is Britain becoming too diverse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Is Britain becoming too diverse - Essay Example Multi Cultural Britain – Land of Immigrants VIII. Conclusion IX. Work Cited. Introduction The greater cause of concern in Britain these days has been the ever increasing diversity. This can be sense from the range of ways through which people might experience a unique group of identity; this includes gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and age. Any countries’ ethnic and racial differences are very much significant for its political position. Considering these variations this paper has been written to focus on the diversity that exists in British society and how Britain is approaching the phase of too much diversity. The ever increasing number of people from different ethnic and racial backgrounds and countries was among most significant a change occurring in Britain from 1950’s to until now, as it stands today claiming the title of the world in one city. When describing London in his work Mayor Ken Livingstone says that London is as if à ¢â‚¬Ëœone sees the world being gathered in just one city, living harmoniously, setting example for all’ (in Freedland 2005). ... eral The condition of being or having composed of different sets of elements: that is variety; especially: the inclusion of various types of people (as of people of different cultures or races) in organization or group programs that intend to promote diversity in several schools. It can even be defined as an instance of being composed of different sets of qualities or elements: a moment of being diverse (diversity in opinion). Diversity (politics) If we look at in the political arena, we may find that the term diversity (or the word diverse) is used to primarily describe political entities (student bodies, neighborhoods, etc) with several members having identifiable differences in their lifestyles or backgrounds. The term covers differences in age, gender, religion, racial or ethnic classifications, philosophy, socioeconomic background, genetic attributes, behavior, intelligence, mental health, physical health, sexual orientation, physical abilities, , gender identity, attractiveness , or other identifying features. For measuring human diversity, one may makes use of a diversity index that measures the probability of any two residents, randomly chosen, would have different ethnicities. If all the residents are from the same ethnic group then the diversity is zero. If half of the residents are from one group and half are from another it's then 50. (Diversity Index) Ideology Political creeds that support the idea that diversity is desirable and valuable hold that promoting and recognizing these diverse cultures may help communication among people of different lifestyles and backgrounds, resulting in greater understanding, knowledge, and peaceful coexistence. For instance, "Respect for Diversity" is one of those six principles from Global Greens Charter, a a public

Consumer Behavior. Answer 4 Questions Coursework

Consumer Behavior. Answer 4 Questions - Coursework Example All over the globe, the use of these status goods is observed and its abuse is also rather evident. Medieval ages definitely did not have status symbols, however their emergence rather proceeded from the 19th century (Denselow, 2010). Now in 2013, the idea of a status symbol somewhat differs from the one before it, and correspondingly 2012 showed an additional side of these symbols and as far as we can go, every year the ranks of these symbols changed, from nice ties, pleasant coats, gold rings to posh cars and houses. Even braces today are a part of the status symbols! Crazy as it sounds, that’s how it goes. Every year brings new modifications which also alter the current trends and fashion proceeding into newer trends every season. Yes, these symbols have no end to their existence. They have existed for years and years, if today wearing a Rolex watch and owning a sumptuous car is the idea of a status symbol, tomorrow maybe a nice villa in Miami would be the part of an ideal lifestyle. It has now become a matter of prestige to own these goods; their fewer occurrences in somebody’s life depict the non-existence of money and low status, which by the upper classes is exceedingly detested. According to them, a person without these status symbols should be led to a scaffold to be punished. It is tormenting to observe such detestation for the people who cannot afford these things. But people even believe in running around in ugly clothes, bad shoes, live without food but NOT without these luxuries. By these explicit reactions, it is rather a matter of prestige now and the denial of this statement by a few would not really matter. The universities, colleges and schools have become a status exhibiting conventional area where people come and compete to win the rank of the classiest, rich and elite person in the whole vicinity. Aren’t these places meant to increase educational programmes; they surely are but the current inclination towards status ha s changed this course into a posh museum of ranking. Modern generation sermonizes this stuff to look more up-to-date, rich and stylish. It is a matter of perception though. To look stylish and gain confidence, you can also get yourself educated, be honest and not practice chicaneries observed by a huge lot: ‘The cult of luxury shopping is spreading’ (Day, 2011). But if the youth prefers to hold on to the status symbols and not the dignified ways, then it is clearly their choice. 1) Do you believe that your peer group value â€Å"status symbols†? Status symbols are the objects of luxuries which are preached all over the world for their high demand. Definitely, with no doubt, not just my peers value them but people all over the world with access to money, or even the ones who aren’t that wealthy, are in a hunt for them to flaunt their monetary status in the society and build a brawny influential image in front of the ones around them. Status symbols do not m ake sense on any intellectual level but they have a lot to do with the social hierarchy. Society here is divided into two sectors the haves and the have-nots. Possessing a status symbol is considered to be a must have and the ones who fail to do so is considered insignificant in today’s age. It is very imperative in today’s world, because the possession of a status symbol signifies your social status, that whether you have crossed the dividing line between rich and poor and how well suited you are to the current

Is Britain becoming too diverse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Is Britain becoming too diverse - Essay Example Multi Cultural Britain – Land of Immigrants VIII. Conclusion IX. Work Cited. Introduction The greater cause of concern in Britain these days has been the ever increasing diversity. This can be sense from the range of ways through which people might experience a unique group of identity; this includes gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and age. Any countries’ ethnic and racial differences are very much significant for its political position. Considering these variations this paper has been written to focus on the diversity that exists in British society and how Britain is approaching the phase of too much diversity. The ever increasing number of people from different ethnic and racial backgrounds and countries was among most significant a change occurring in Britain from 1950’s to until now, as it stands today claiming the title of the world in one city. When describing London in his work Mayor Ken Livingstone says that London is as if à ¢â‚¬Ëœone sees the world being gathered in just one city, living harmoniously, setting example for all’ (in Freedland 2005). ... eral The condition of being or having composed of different sets of elements: that is variety; especially: the inclusion of various types of people (as of people of different cultures or races) in organization or group programs that intend to promote diversity in several schools. It can even be defined as an instance of being composed of different sets of qualities or elements: a moment of being diverse (diversity in opinion). Diversity (politics) If we look at in the political arena, we may find that the term diversity (or the word diverse) is used to primarily describe political entities (student bodies, neighborhoods, etc) with several members having identifiable differences in their lifestyles or backgrounds. The term covers differences in age, gender, religion, racial or ethnic classifications, philosophy, socioeconomic background, genetic attributes, behavior, intelligence, mental health, physical health, sexual orientation, physical abilities, , gender identity, attractiveness , or other identifying features. For measuring human diversity, one may makes use of a diversity index that measures the probability of any two residents, randomly chosen, would have different ethnicities. If all the residents are from the same ethnic group then the diversity is zero. If half of the residents are from one group and half are from another it's then 50. (Diversity Index) Ideology Political creeds that support the idea that diversity is desirable and valuable hold that promoting and recognizing these diverse cultures may help communication among people of different lifestyles and backgrounds, resulting in greater understanding, knowledge, and peaceful coexistence. For instance, "Respect for Diversity" is one of those six principles from Global Greens Charter, a a public

Gender Roles in The Thin Man Essay Example for Free

Gender Roles in The Thin Man Essay The period of the 1930s was an offshoot of the â€Å"roaring twenties† or the â€Å"jazz age†, a time when women gained a heightened sense of prominence in the society after the First World War saw young men leaving their homes and their work in response to the nation’s call to arms (Freedman, 1974, p. 374). Towards the end of the war and at the beginning of the 1930s, women became more in control of their liberty, proof of which is their newly recognized right to suffrage (Murphy, 1996, p. 52). They became regular members of the social workforce, thereby giving them a renewed sense of control over their lives. The â€Å"flapper†Ã¢â‚¬â€young women who defied the norms of what a conservative woman is by engaging in casual sex and wearing short skirts, among others—took the center stage, so to speak. As for men, such circumstances only brought them closer to the temptation of pleasing the opposite sex. This is clearly portrayed in the 1934 film The Thin Man. In the film, Nick Charles and his wife Nora represent the life of married couples whose lives are characterized primarily by the attitudes of the social elites—fun meant enjoying martinis and sleuthing. In a way, the couple captures the gender roles of each partner during the 1930s. Nora was a wealthy heiress who had almost everything at her disposal. She was beautiful and seemed to have a passion for adventure owing largely to her living a life of liberty. She was the 1930s woman who saw life as the ultimate provider of adventure in all its daring forms. Nick was a handsome man and a retired private detective who previously investigated and solved murders. He was the 1930s man who was deeply entrenched with his passion for resolving issues no matter what it takes, much to the amusement of the female partner. In fact, Nora was more than delighted upon knowing that Nick accepted the task of investigating the disappearance of his friend Clyde Wynant and the death of Clyde’s former girlfriend, Julia Wolfe. It leaves little room to speculate that Nora was indeed the typical 1930s woman who seized her liberty as if it would never run out, putting her self to risky situations together with her man. She portrayed the woman who embraced the â€Å"flapper† culture with open arms, spending her time drinking alcohol or romantically engaging her partner. While she remained supportive of Nick like a female partner might usually commit herself into, she was on her own a liberal minded individual. For the most part, Nick played the role of the adventurous husband which perfectly complements Nora’s interest in the same. He was someone who lived every danger with such boldness. He was someone who sought the pleasure of his spouse—from accepting her request for him to take the case to completely allowing her to partake in his drinking sessions—no matter what the cost may be. It goes to show that Nick was a man who shared entirely similar interests with his spouse and will gladly fulfill whatever it is that will make his woman happy. It was his role to please his woman. On the other hand, it was the woman’s role to act is if she was herself a man, fully absorbed in exactly the same interests as the husband’s. Here we see the approximate gender roles prevalent during the 1930s. Men and women had more similarities than differences as far as their inclinations are concerned. To a certain degree, there was no â€Å"woman†. Woman drank, dressed and acted in an unconventional so that they may be desired by the opposite sex, and actively participated in fairly dangerous tasks. Her liberty stood at the very core of her character and this made her more appealing to every man. Towards the end of the film, Nick gives in to the implied gesture of Nora to spend the night together in the same bed. The scene is revealing insofar as it gives rise to the idea that women exerted a certain influence or power over men especially when it comes to passionate affairs. The 1930s woman had too much liberty, in fact, that she can do anything she pleases and become pleased in the end. Nevertheless, the 1930s man still had a lot to do with her sources of pleasure. References Dyke, W. S. V. (Director). (1934). The Thin Man. United States: MGM. Freedman, E. B. (1974). The New Woman: Changing Views of Women in the 1920s. The Journal of American History, 61(2), 372-393. Murphy, M. (1996). ‘ And All That Jazz’: Changing Manners and Morals after World War I. Montana: The Magazine of Western History, 46(4), 50-63.

Reflective presentation of the risk assessment conducted in ealing christian centre

Reflective presentation of the risk assessment conducted in ealing christian centre Introduction Under the permission of the head pastor of Ealing Christian Centre, Northfield, London, I was granted the permission to do my practical placement with the church in December 2008. I was directed to the staff in charge of the churchs health and safety whose induction given to me in December 2008 and willingness to supervise me in my forty hour practical project scheduled to start on 11th January 2009 was beneficial to me. Since the church building and it surrounding environment are places where people often meet to fellowship, it is very important to ensure the safety of these places such as the Church, the Church halls, churchyards and ground are safe for worshipers and staff to use. If these places are ignored of assessing their risk of usage they can cause serious pain and suffering to people which may often disrupt the peaceful running of the church and its activities. Risk assessment by definition is suggested to be a progressive stage in risk management process, which determine s measurable characteristic value of hazards in relation to definite situation and the identification of the threat. And in this practical reflective presentation, I will base the health and safety risk assessment I conducted in Ealing Christian Centre on the Systems put in place for safer place of worship as briefed by my supervisor at induction, and the Daily Time log on my observations. Systems Put In Place for Safer Place of Worship Security of the Church Building Ealing Christian Centre as I learned from my induction day, is a big building used as place of worship for both able and disabled adults, young people and children of various age groups. The boundaries of the church premises are clearly defined with concert walls and good wooden fencing. The door ways are protected such that they do not give cover to intruders. When not in use, all the entrances and windows are securely locked. There is no easy access from points such as lower adjacent structures, compounds, walls or pipes to the roof and has an intruder alarm installed there. I also learned that their musical instruments, computers and private files are securely protected from thieves. Vehicle access to the church grounds as I learned was controlled only on Sundays and any other major event in the church. There is a gate that is locked to prevent access when the parking spaces are full. Theft and Damage There are storerooms for securing valuable items such as audio, visual and musical instruments when they are not in use. The church has offices which are also locked when not in use but all staff and members are advised to safeguard their personal belongings in the church. Cash is counted in a secure room out of sight, removed from the premises overnight and holdings are kept in the minimum, stored in safe installed for small valuable items. The offering how ever is not adequately protected from theft since the offering basket allows every hand to reach the collected money at its base. Items that could be used as missiles to commit damage are removed from around the building, and refuse stored safely away in metal containers from vulnerable areas. Management and Practice The church has no specific annual budget for crime and vandalism prevention measures separate from any general repair funds. Even though staffs have suggested people should report acts of vandalism immediately on recovery, most people do not. However damages are quickly repaired to discourage further similar acts while criminal acts reported automatically to the police if known. Details of the nature, time, place and cost of theft or vandalism are to be recorded in logbooks but mostly it is not done. Advice has been sort from the Police Crime Prevention Office, Fire Prevention Office, the Insurer and the Security Industry so; there is detailed procedure for recording and investigating fires. The community through the police and Church watch scheme are involved in the in safeguarding the church building. But for security reasons there is no procedure put in place for the police and fire service to contact the church key holders in the occurrence of incidents in the building. Other Established Methods There is a proper procedure for keys control and an established procedure for locking up the church. When the building is being locked after activities, the stewards are to inspect the kitchen, toilet, and store rooms to make sure no one is hiding in the building. I learned that the locks of the church are periodically checked to avoid duplication of the keys. Visitors who come to the building are urged to use a particular door that has been signed, but there is no means to monitor the arrival and departure of visitors during church service times and so visitors sometimes wander into the unauthorized areas such as childrens classrooms and office area. There is no arrangement set in place for surveillance during outside opening times except during special events such as youth programmes. This, I find suggest inadequate patrols and checks from the church officials. However, there is an external security lightening system provided to light up the premises during the evenings. Natural s urveillance from the area around the building provides a beef-up security for the premises. There is a caretaker living on the site, whose house is readily accessible. When contractors are working in the building, extra security fitting safety and fire precautions are taken by Christians known by the church. The parties involved meet on the site to identify hazards and correct methods of necessary to handle them during work on site. Most of the people who work alone in the building are the people working in the Prayer Centre and enough provision has been made for their personal safety in the building. During organised childrens events, a register of the children in the building are kept while child protection policies are enforced. Children in the building especially on Sunday services are protected from members of the public who access the building to look for someone or join worshipers. I further learned that all internal fire doors are fitted with self closing devices and labeled to be kept closed with adequate training to relevant people in locating escape routes. The fire escape routes and exits are sometimes obstructed by staff and so memos are often sent to all staff as reminders to keep them clear of obstructions. The floors surfaces are free from tripping and slipping risks and emergency exit doors are free to open from inside the building without using keys. The emergency lighting systems are installed in correct working order and tested weekly. My Observation from (11/01/2009-19/04/2009) I was welcome and introduced to the stewards group for the mornings safety briefings. I went with the supervisor to check the fire exit by the pulpit. On our way I observed that there were some parked chairs obstructing the exit. She notified one of the leaders to see to the removal of the obstruction. I came to help with the arrangement of the seats for the congregation, where I learned how to arrange the seats in their safety locks. A lady asked the supervisor not to use the chairs safety locks in the areas where the elderly people sit because they were not comfortable with the restriction of the chair to one place. The supervisor then explained to her the importance of the safety lock in time of emergency. She told her that it was a standard requirement by the health and safety rules and the purpose was to prevent the chair becoming hazards in case of evacuating the building on emergency. Commitment and response by some stewards to duty, fire alarm testing time and drill was an is sue. I understood that the expected number of stewards for Sunday service was twenty-one; but an average of nine seems to be dedicated to take fire drill by 09:30. Most of them arrive after worship had begun. The possible problem I observed was that most of them miss team briefing and go on the floor without team discussions and so might not be able to react according to team plan in time of emergency. This made me to learn how important team briefing is. Parental control of children before children were separated for safety keeping during service was also an issue since some parents leave their children aged between three to five years to wander dangerously around the information area of the auditorium near where the reserved chairs are parked. The heights at which these chairs are parked in the information area are of much concern. I found that they are parked over the required number of twelve making them unstable and could easily fall over a child who may playfully stray into th e store or an adult who may go there to pick a chair since there is no door at the entrance. In comparism to other churches I had visited, the reserved chair store house was securely locked. From this I learned that children should not be left on their own before they are separated to safety. After the service the stewards checked all the exits and locked them. I visited the non-English speaking evening service. I discussed with my supervisor how safe it was for those who could not read English to escape in times of emergency? She explained to me that safety signs included pictures illustrating the written instructions which could help people who could not read English writings to follow the instruction in case of emergency. I also observed at a point that two groups (the singing team and the Bible college students) have separate meetings on same day. There was no security at the door to question the purpose of all those who came through the door. The safety of staffs children waiting for their parent was of another concern. In the closed reception I saw some children sitting alone in the dimly lit quiet office. Those who entered into the building rand the door bell from outside the reception door and called their names and they were opened from inside the office without any identity check. This suggests that anybody could follow a genuine person coming into the building through the same door into the reception which could easily be opened from inside when access is gained into the reception. In the main auditorium was also another issue of concern on cables of cleaning equipment running across the auditorium floor without any warning signs. Here also, I saw member of staff children playing in a dimly lit isolated area while their parent was busily cleaning out their sight. The storage of chemicals used for cleaning has been provided with a lock but chemicals is left unlocked to easy access to any one including children who may stray into the cupboard. I discussed the issue with my supervisor form which I learned that there is a problem of supportive agreement and commitment among the stewards and some staff concerning health and safety on the floor, which makes the supervisors work very difficult in area of house-keeping, security of staff, worshipers and children. There were times when fire alarm was scheduled to be tested but was not done for the thought and feeling of the discomfort in interrupting church service. I discussed the emergency lighting system with the supervisor and I was shown how they light automatically from a standby barberry power in the event of power cut. The head steward was not in by the time worship started so the fire alarm was not tested. I had a chat with one of the choristers about how safe she felt when on stage; she said lead wires running across the state during worship time made her feel unsafe. From foyer, I observed that door security was of another concern. Once worshipers enter the building they move around without being monitored. I took some time to observe how some worshipers move around in the foyer. I saw a worshiper squeezing himself through a door to the foyer. My curiosity was aroused to find out the safety of the area to which that door led to. I went through the exit leading to the balcony from th e foyer and went through the door and headed to the staircase. I realised that the area was quite and secluded and emergency doors there. The place could be a safe hiding place for anyone with the thought of doing harm in the building. I found two children on the stairs that were vulnerable and could easily be victimised in this secluded area since the attacker could easily escape through the emergency exit out the building. I also observed a woman with mental health issues entering the church and I prompted the attention of an steward and my supervisor. The supervisor said sometimes they come there regularly and when they sit at the main auditorium they employ a steward to sit with them. After service, I observed the lady with the mental health issues walking among children unsupervised in the foyer with children running around. No steward seemed to be trying to control the children from running around. I asked my supervisor if the stewards had any role to play in controlling child ren from running around. My supervisor took me the door of the stewards briefing room and showed me the notice pasted there that. Part of their responsibility after church was to see to it that children are not running around. But to my surprise some of the stewards did not even know what was on the notice pasted there. The supervisor sent two stewards out to control the children from running around. But, the stewards went into the main auditorium and sublimed amongst the crowd. On the day of water baptism, I went round the foyer to see if there was any way to the balcony. The doors were safely locked. In both male and the female changing room, the baptized were given support safely to dry them self and change clothes. I observed some level of risks with the worshipers being baptised by immersion in water and the baptizers in the auditorium. Only one person baptised 25 people, some of them who might be almost twice the height and weight of the baptizer. This could strain his ribs an d back. Some stewards left leaving the remaining work load of locking up for the committed few. I realised that there was the need for Church workers to be aware of their skill, commitments and knowledge of their work and to work as thought they are working for Christ (John 9:4). Conclusion From this practical attachment, I learned the importance of risk assessments in the church environment. I have also learned that despite all the safety measures the church had put in place for the worshipers and staffs to be safe in the building, personal disagreements among some staff and various voluntary workers of the various church departments to implementation of safety measures play major contributing factors that create hazardous circumstances for both children and adult in the Church. This has made me to understand how the effectiveness of good team work in the church environment can affect the health, safety and the security of people in the church.

My Escape from Slavery :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

I live on a car lot. My front yard is gravel and asphalt with intermittent splotches of eternally black oil unyielding to any cleaning agent natural or otherwise. Our house is built on the lot right beside iron train tracks. And of course there is the constant image of old cars lined up in rows, not junky just old. It's embarrassing to live under these conditions, but I wouldn't change the situation at all. My family moved onto the car lot when I was in seventh grade. My father had been in the used car business for only about five years. As an adult my father had switched jobs more often than most middle class parents are accustomed. Before taking on the title of a car salesman, he had held a well-paying state department position in which he trained the unemployed so they could find work. However, he claims that by the end his job had become more about paper work and less about people. You see, my dad is a businessman, or at least prides himself as one. People are his game. He saw the car business as the perfect profession to utilize his gifts that were so shamefully being wasted at his old job. Those first years of his being a car salesman, however, I almost never saw my dad. I would get up and be off to school before he awoke, and I would be asleep or at least in bed before he was able to drag his exhausted and overworked body in the front door and collapse in the bed. Often he would be unable to eat dinner until he slept for a couple hours. I can still remember a few times seeing him sitting on the couch at 2 o'clock in the morning in his pajamas eating cottage cheese and peaches and watching Headline News. Needless to say, my father grew tired of living such an existence. Sure, he was supporting his family, but I'm certain he felt horrible about his lack of time with his children. This case is of course what led to my father's suggestion that we move into the building next to his office on the lot. This "house" was actually just another office building with a kitchen. Furthermore this car lot had been erected in the same location as all the other dealerships in our community: downtown.

Alcohol Consumption in College :: Alcoholic Beverages Health College Essays

Alcohol Consumption in College Incomplete Paper Alcoholic beverages such as beer can cause problems for many people throughout life, but for college aged people alcohol can cause the worst. In college most people are being out on their own for the first time ever and having that freedom they have never had. Some problems caused by alcohol in college are, missing an assignment or class, or even death. Drinking a beer a day has been found healthy, but in college that is never the case. Not that everyone drinks or everyone drinks a lot but there is always that select group that will drink more nights out of a week than not. And when that group drinks they drink heavily in order to be drunk. Problems occur with many people who do drink very heavily because it impairs their ability to get things done for many hours including the ones when drinking and after. A student may not attend class the day after drinking because he or she may be to sick or just exhausted from the drinking the night before. After the student skips the first one it becomes easier and easier to skip classes, therefore it is more likely to happen over and over again. Also when skipping classes a student can miss anything from an important lecture to a test which can really hurt their grades. The final big issue is the number of students who die every year from alcohol poisoning. Alcohol poisoning is caused by excessive amounts of alcohol in the body. Some very common ways for students to get this is by doing shots of hard liqour or now the tool called a beer bong. Both involve swallowing a lot of alcohol very quickly which is very dangerous for the body, and can many times lead to being very ill or death. College is a huge part of every student's life, and there is no reason to try to ruin college or life by excessive drinking. Students need to understand there is more to life than partying or going out every night. Maybe if the school did more about educating the students on the issues of drinking there wouldn't be so many binge drinkers. If that huge paper is due in a couple days or there is class in the morning going out and partying is not going to help with either situation. alcohol to children For years, the population has been exposed to different forms of media. Newspapers, magazines, television, films, radio, and more recently the Internet are ways of promoting ideas, spreading news, and advertising products. Alcohol Consumption in College :: Alcoholic Beverages Health College Essays Alcohol Consumption in College Incomplete Paper Alcoholic beverages such as beer can cause problems for many people throughout life, but for college aged people alcohol can cause the worst. In college most people are being out on their own for the first time ever and having that freedom they have never had. Some problems caused by alcohol in college are, missing an assignment or class, or even death. Drinking a beer a day has been found healthy, but in college that is never the case. Not that everyone drinks or everyone drinks a lot but there is always that select group that will drink more nights out of a week than not. And when that group drinks they drink heavily in order to be drunk. Problems occur with many people who do drink very heavily because it impairs their ability to get things done for many hours including the ones when drinking and after. A student may not attend class the day after drinking because he or she may be to sick or just exhausted from the drinking the night before. After the student skips the first one it becomes easier and easier to skip classes, therefore it is more likely to happen over and over again. Also when skipping classes a student can miss anything from an important lecture to a test which can really hurt their grades. The final big issue is the number of students who die every year from alcohol poisoning. Alcohol poisoning is caused by excessive amounts of alcohol in the body. Some very common ways for students to get this is by doing shots of hard liqour or now the tool called a beer bong. Both involve swallowing a lot of alcohol very quickly which is very dangerous for the body, and can many times lead to being very ill or death. College is a huge part of every student's life, and there is no reason to try to ruin college or life by excessive drinking. Students need to understand there is more to life than partying or going out every night. Maybe if the school did more about educating the students on the issues of drinking there wouldn't be so many binge drinkers. If that huge paper is due in a couple days or there is class in the morning going out and partying is not going to help with either situation. alcohol to children For years, the population has been exposed to different forms of media. Newspapers, magazines, television, films, radio, and more recently the Internet are ways of promoting ideas, spreading news, and advertising products.

Summerhill Education

SUMMERHILL EDUCATION Education is one of many elements, which create personalities of young people. We used to the fact that each school aims to teach, require and civilize. Most people think, that young do not know what is good for them, moreover, without appropriate mobilization, they cannot gain a success in future. 1. Alexander Sutherland Neill  (17 October 1883 – 23 September 1973) was a Scottish progressive educator, author and founder of  Summerhill school, which remains open and continues to follow his educational philosophy to this day. He is best known as an advocate of personal freedom for children.Neill believed that the happiness of the child should be the paramount consideration in decisions about the child's upbringing, and that this happiness grew from a sense of personal freedom. He felt that deprivation of this sense of freedom during childhood, and the consequent unhappiness experienced by the repressed child, was responsible for many of the psychologica l disorders of adulthood. Neill's ideas, which tried to help children achieve self-determination and encouraged critical thinking rather than blind obedience, were seen as backward, radical, or at best, controversial.Many of Neill's ideas are widely accepted today, although there are still many more â€Å"traditional† thinkers within the educational establishment who regard Neill's ideas as threatening the existing social order, and are therefore controversial. In 1921 Neill founded  Summerhill School  to demonstrate his educational theories in practice. These included a belief that children learn better when they are not compelled to attend lessons. The school is also managed democratically, with regular meetings to determine school rules.Pupils have equal voting rights with school staff. Neill's Summerhill School experience demonstrated that, free from the coercion of traditional schools, students tended to respond by developing self-motivation, rather than self-indulge nce. Externally imposed discipline, Neill felt, prevented internal, self-discipline from developing. He therefore considered that children who attended Summerhill were likely to emerge with better-developed critical thinking skills and greater self-discipline than children educated in compulsion-based schools.These tendencies were perhaps all the more remarkable considering that the children accepted by Summerhill were often from problematic backgrounds, where parental conflict or neglect had resulted in children arriving in a particularly unhappy state of mind. The therapeutic value of Summerhill's environment was demonstrated by the improvement of many children who had been rejected by conventional schools, yet flourished at Summerhill. Strongly influenced by the contemporary work of  Sigmund Freud  and  Wilhelm Reich, Neill was opposed to  sexual repression  and the imposition of the strict  Victorian values  of his childhood era.He stated clearly that to be anti-se x was to be anti-life. Naturally, these views made him unpopular with many establishment figures of the time. 2. CHARACTERISTIC Summerhill is a democratic, self-governing school providing boarding, day education and care for 78 pupils aged 5 – 17 years old. It is situated in the small market town of Leiston, within walking distance of the town centre. The school adopts an alternative philosophy to education based on the work of its founder, A S Neill. It is based on the notion that children should be free to decide for themselves how to spend their time in school.The proprietor, who is the daughter of A S Neill, continues to uphold these principles. The daily life of the school is governed by the school meetings, held three times a week, in which everybody has an equal vote. School meetings are used to create, confirm and amend all the school laws which form the structure of expectations for the community of staff and pupils, in which the adults and children have complete par ity of status. The school's philosophy is to allow freedom for the individual, each child being able to take their own path in life and find, through experience, the things that they want to do and the person they want to be.The school proposes that this leads to an inner selfconfidence and real acceptance of themselves as people. All of this is done within the structures of the school, through the meetings, self-government and the clear distinctions between freedom and licence, all elements which are at the very core of the school's philosophy and the day-to-day experiences of the pupils and staff. The school is part of a regional, national and international democratic network and reflects the extent of A S Neill’s continuing influence on the world.This is mirrored in the pupil intake. Approximately two thirds of pupils (mainly Dutch, German, Korean Japanese, and Taiwanese) speak English as an additional language. The principal and, from time to time other staff and children , go out from the school to speak to and work with other children and adults and to promote democratic education. A. S. Neill’s system is a radical approach to child rearing. In Summerhill School authority does not mask a system of manipulation. 3. THE PRINCIPLES ? Neill maintains a firm faith â€Å"in the goodness of the child. He believes that the average child is not born a cripple, a coward, or a soulless automaton, but has full potentialities to love life and to be interested in life. ? The aim of education-in fact the aim of life-is to work joyfully and to find happiness. Happiness, according to Neill, means being interested in life; or as I would put it, responding to life not just with one’s brain but with one’s whole personality. ? In education, intellectual development is not enough. Education must be both intellectual and emotional.In modern society we find an increasing separation between intellect and feeling. The experiences of man today are mainl y experiences of thought rather than an immediate grasp of what his hurt feels, his eyes see, and his ears hear. In fact, this separation between intellect and feeling has led modern man to a near schizoid state of mind in which he has become almost incapable of experiencing anything except in thought. ? Education must be geared to the psychic needs and capacities of the child. The child is not an altruist. He does not yet love in the sense of the mature love of an adult.It is an error to expect something from a child, which he can show only in a hypocritical way. Altruism develops after childhood. ? Discipline, dogmatically imposed, and punishment create fear; and fear creates hostility. This hostility may not be conscious and overt, but it nevertheless paralyzes endeavor and authenticity of feeling. The extensive disciplining of children is harmful and thwarts sound psychic development ? Freedom does not mean license. This very important principle, emphasized by Neill, is that res pect for the individual must be mutual.A teacher does not use force against a child, nor has a child the right to use force against a teacher. A child may not intrude upon an adult just because he is a child, nor may a child use pressure in the many ways in which a child can. ? Closely related to this principle is the need for true sincerity on the part of the teacher. The author says that never in the 40 years of his work in Summerhill has he lied to a child. Anyone who reads this book will be convinced that this statement, which might sound like boasting, is the simple truth. Healthy human development makes it necessary that a child eventually cut the primary ties which connect him with his father and mother, or with later substitutes in society, and that he become truly independent. He must learn to face the world as an individual. He must learn to find his security not in any symbiotic attachment, but in his capacity to grasp the world intellectually, emotionally, and artistical ly. He must use all his powers to find union with the world, rather than to find security through submission or domination. ? Summerhill School does not offer religious education.This, however, does not mean that Summerhill is not concerned with what might be loosely called the basic humanistic values. Neill puts it succinctly: â€Å"The battle is not between believers in theology and non-believers in theology; it is between believers in human freedom and believers in the suppression of human freedom. † The author continues, â€Å"Some day a new generation will not accept the obsolete religion and myths of today. When the new religion comes, it will refute the idea of man’s being born in sin. A new religion will praise God by making men happy. †

Minimum Wage and Why We Should Leave It Alone

Can you remember a time when it did not cost over $5. 00 for a â€Å"Value† meal at any fast food chain, or when gas was under $2. 00? It’s hard to remember, isn’t it? The reason for the raise in price of the products you and I purchase on a weekly basis all has to do with the continuing raise of minimum wage. Donald R. Deere says â€Å"There are two ways to think about the minimum wage. The first – but misleading – is how much workers are going to get paid. The second – and correct – is how much people must be able to earn if they are going to get or keep a job. So the minimum wage, which is sometimes characterized as a â€Å"hand up, not a handout† is neither – it is a hurdle that trips up the least skilled. † The continuing demand of more money for less work has forced the United States to raise the minimum wage innumerable times in the last century, Which results in higher prices for the rest of us. Another raise in the minimum wage would, as all the others before it, raise prices for consumers, which would again result in another demand for a raise in the minimum wage. it’s a viscous cycle that must be stopped before it loses control. Not only does a raise in minimum wage result in a raise in the cost of living, it also causes the dismissal of hardworking people who are happy with their current income. When the firing axe starts to fall, seniority often determines who goes and who stays. The more a single employee costs a business an hour, the fewer employees the business can afford to employee an hour. This results in the dismissal of employees to compensate for a raise in labor costs, which creates a smaller staff, which results in slipshod service. Although most reasonable people would rather pay more for better service, the plain fact of the matter is that the service hasn’t really gotten any better. The service is better that it was when there weren’t enough employees so people assume the service itself has gotten better, while the truth is that the service is just as haphazard as before. The laborers are simply replaced because of a need for more employees, more often that not by people who have never worked in those positions before. By having a staff that is constantly fluctuating, the business hurts itself, the service is hurt because the new employees are in need of training, and in the end it is us, the consumers, who feel the real pain. The pain we experience is that of rising costs in the market its that sharp pain we feel every time we reach for our wallet, but it is in no way as painful as the fact that we give bonuses for no reason in the form of raises in the minimum wage. The argument that minimum wage should be raised says people need more money to make a living in a world of ever rising costs. The truth is that they, the people who demand more money, are the ones raising the cost of living. Some would say that the high cost of living is brought about by the devaluation of the dollar and the effects of inflation. Truth be told, inflation is also caused by the flooding of the market with bills printed to pay the high costs of laborers in the market. Laborers who are comprised primarily of teens and the elderly, both of which usually have an alternate for of income either in the for of parents or social security. I offer an alternative to the minimum wage. If people would respect their money and understand the value of the dollar then they would have to learn skills that would promote them in the job Market. The minimum wage could be kept for the handicapped and the disabled, people who for the most part aren’t able to advance themselves in the working world. The most positive thing about the current minimum wage is that it is substantial enough to make teens respect their money, but also low enough to force them to save. George Santayana Once said â€Å"Those who fail to learn from the mistakes of their predecessors are destined to repeat them†. The argument over the minimum wage makes it abhorrently obvious that this statement is true. The time of action is now, before we are forced to start this cycle again.